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| 《中医学概论(英文版)》 |
| 作者:曹洪欣、于友华、张华莹 |
| 出版社：科学出版社 |
出版日期：2011/12/1 |
| ISBN：9787030317711 |
定价： 68.00元 |
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内容推荐
本书由中国中医科学院的多名专家学者共同编写，旨在为国外中医药院校提供一部简明易学的中医学入门教材。内容包括绪论、阴阳五行、藏象、精气血津液、经络、病因、病机等几部分。重点突出，简明扼要。
本书可作为国外中医初学者的入门读物，也可供从事中医药宣传、普及及教育等人员参考。
本书由Give2Asia项目资助出版。
目录
FOREWORD
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
The Formation,Development and Basic Theory of TCM
The Characteristics of TCM
CHAPTER TWO YIN-YANG AND THE FIVE ELEMENTS
Yin-Yang Theory
The Five-phase theory
CHAPTER THREE THE ZANG-FU ORGANS
The Five Zang-Organs
The Six Fu-Organs
The Extra Fu-Organs
CHAPTER FOUR THE ESSENCE,QI,BLOOD AND BODY-FLUIDS
Essence
Qi
Blood
Body-fl uid
Relationship of Qi,Blood,Body-fl uid
CHAPTER FIVE THE MERIDIANS AND COLLATERALS
Twelve Regular Meridians
Eight Extra Vessels
Physiological Functions and the Application of Meridian andCollaterals
CHAPTER SIX ETIOLOGY
Exogenous Pathogenic Factors
Endogenous Pathogenic Factors
Endogenous Pathogens from Pathological Processes
Non-Endogenous and Non-Exogenous Pathogenic Factors
CHAPTER SEVEN PATHOGENESIS
Vital-qi and Pathogenic Factors
Imbalance between Yin and Yang
Disorder of Qi and Blood
在线试读部分章节
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an extensive history ofmore than
thousands of years. It has accumulated the Chinese people’s lifeexperiences
through centuries of struggling against diseases. It is a vitalpart of world
cultural heritage. TCM theories and medicine practices have beenenriched
throughout Chinese history and have demonstrated clinicaleffectiveness. TCM
continues to be an integral part of the Chinese healthcaresystem and continues
to make significant contributions to the health of Chinesepeople, and people
around the world.
The Formation, Development and Basic Theory of TCM
The formation of the TCM theory has been infl uenced by ancientChinese
philosophy, especially by Yin-Yang and Five-element theories.TCM views
human physiology and pathology from a holistic perspective andhas developed
a unique and comprehensive system to understand the human bodyand disease
pathogenesis. It is based on systemic understanding ofphysiology and pathology
of the whole person, Zang-fu organs and meridians-collateralsystem. TCM
practitioners assess the clinical signs and symptom to obtain aTCM differential
diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan for eachpatient.
Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine (Huang Di NeiJing) is the
oldest and greatest of the medical classics. It is anamalgamation of medical ideas
and techniques that were used before 200 BC. It laid a solidfoundation for the
formation of TCM theory and clinical practice.
The Classic on Medical Problems
(Nan Jing) was written and
formed before the Eastern Han
Dynasty. The book mainly focuses
on the theory of TCM, such as TCM
physiology, pathology, diagnosis
and treatment of disease, etc. It is a
supplement to the Yellow Emperor’s
Classic of Internal Medicine.
In the Han Dyna s ty (3r d
century AD), Zhang Zhongjing, an outstanding physician, wroteDiscussion of
Cold-Induced and Miscellaneous
Diseases (Shang Han Za Bing
Lun). It was divided into two
books by later generations. The
first book is entitled Discussion
of Cold-Induced Diseases (Shang
Han Lun), While the other
was Synopsis of the Golden
Cabinet (Jin Gui Yao Lu ..e). These
books established principles of
treatment based on differentiation of patterns, thereby laid asolid foundation for
the development of clinical practice.
Shen Nong’s Herbal (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), also known as theClassic
on Medicinals (Ben Cao Jing) or The Herbal (Ben Cao), is theearliest materia
medica book in China. It appeared
around the Qin-Han Period with
unknown authorship. Not only
did it list 365 medicinal items―
among which 252 are herbs, 67
are animals, and 46 are minerals,but also divided them into three
grades according to their different
properties and effects. The book
also gives a brief introduction
of pharmacological theories―
Principal (Jun), Adjuvant (Chen), Assistant (Zuo) and Guide(Shi); harmony of
seven emotions (Qi Qing He He); four properties of medicinalherbs (Si-qi) and
fi ve tastes of medicinal herbs (Wu-wei). It provides atheoretical basis for the use
of Chinese medicinals and formulas.
These four classical works served as a basis for the enrichmentand
development of the theoretical system of TCM. In 610 AD, ChaoYuanfang, et
al compiled General Treatise on the Etiology (Zhu Bing Yuan HouLun). This
book provides an extensive and detailed description ofetiologies and symptoms
of various diseases. It is the earliest classic work focusingsolely on etiology and
symptoms. In the Song Dynasty, Chen Wuze put forth the famousetiological
theory known as “The Three Categories of Pathogenic Factors”. Inthe Jin
and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared four main medical schoolsrepresented by
Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng. In the Mingand
Qing Dynasties, there appeared several medical classics such asThe Treatise
of Epidemic Diseases (Wen Yi Lun) written by Wu Youxing , ThePassage of
Febrile Diseases (Wen Re Bing Pian) written by Ye Tianshi, andThe Doctrine of
Seasonal Febrile Diseases (Wen Bing Tiao Bian) written by WuJutong. These
books further enriched the theoretical system of TCM.
The universities and colleges of TCM were founded in the 1950sin China.
Along with the development of TCM, Signifi cant progress wasmade to ensure
TCM theory was further studied. In the 21st century, thescholars of TCM
continue to develop TCM as well as utilize modern science andtechnology to
research TCM through Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM).
The Characteristics of TCM
The theory of TCM has its roots in clinical experience. It isused as a guide
in clinical practice. There are two basic fundamental pillars ofTCM’s theoretical
system: holism and differential diagnosis.
I The Holistic Concept
TCM views the world and human body from a holistic perspective.It
attaches great importance to the unity of the human body withnature, and within
the body itself. Its relationship with the nature deems that thehuman body
is an organic whole which has an inseparable relationship withthe external
natural world. This holistic view permeates through the entiretyof TCM theory,approaches and clinical practices.
1. Holism of the Human Body
In TCM, the human body is regarded as an organic whole in whichits
constituent parts are physically inseparable in structure andfunctionality, and
its “xing” (body) is unified with its “shen” (spirit). The humanbody is an
organic whole centered on the five Zang-organs with the Heart asits “king”.
The meridians and collaterals connect the six Fu-organs, fi vesense organs, nine
orifi ces, bones and four extremities, tendons, pulses, muscleand skin with each
other while Qi and Blood nourish the whole body.
In TCM, the body and spirit influence each other. “Xing” refersto the
physical body, while “shen” refers to the psychological,emotional and mental
aspects. “Xing” is the material foundation for “shen”, while“shen” infl uences
“xing”. Ancient Chinese philosophy has aided in the developmentof TCM theory
and clinical practice where the body, mind and spirit depend oneach other and
have an inseparable relationship with each other. The unity ofthe whole is the
basis for life. Thus, a patient is viewed as a unified whole, inwhich the body,mind and spirit are intricately connected and infl uence eachother.
2. Holism of the Human Being and Nature
(1) Unity between the Body and Nature
TCM emphasizes harmony between human beings and nature, andin
Chinese it means “Tian Ren He Yi ” (heaven and man are one). Thehuman
being lives in nature and needs nature to survive. People areinfl uenced directly
or indirectly by their natural environment and it affects theirphysiological and
pathological responses. When drastic change of the naturalenvironment occurs
and exceeds the body’s tolerance, or
when the body’s dysfunction of the selfadjustment
is unable to adapt to the
environment, there will be an imbalance
between the human being and nature.
This leads to disease pathogenesis.
TCM focuses a great deal of attention
on the infl uences of nature, seasonality,geo-environmental factors time of day,and their inter-relationship with health
and disease.
Seasonal changes significantly influence human physiology. Forexample,Summer-heat is associated with exuberance of “Yang-qi” making Qiand Blood
come to the surface, Where by the body heat is reduced bysweating. In the case
of winter, “Yang-qi” is hidden inside, extra water is excretedthrough the urine.
Meanwhile, certain diseases are more prevalent in one seasonversus another
season. Some chronic disease may transform into an acuteepisode, when dramatic
climate change happens.
The alternations of day and night changes the functionalcondition of
the human body too. With the waning and waxing of Yin and Yangin the day
and at night, Yang-qi of human body will accommodate itself tothe outside
or inside accordingly. Therefore, many patients tend to feelworse in the
evening compared with day time. In addition, the difference ofgeographical
environments, climate, quality of soil and water will havedifferent effects on
its residence.
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