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| 《心理学与生活(第18版)(英文版)》 |
| 作者: |
| 出版社：人民邮电出版社 |
出版日期：2011/1/1 |
| ISBN：9787115244611 |
定价： 75.00元 |
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编辑推荐
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内容推荐
心理学与生活(第18版)(英文版)从生活中的心理学入手，介绍心理学是什么，通过强有力的科学研究方法澄清了人们对心理学的一些误解，概括地介绍了心理学中的研究方法、心理学所关注的主题，详细介绍了它如何与生活密切联系，将理论与实践结合起来，指导你如何在生活中运用批判性思维。第18版还纳入了文化因素，增强了本书的普适性，内容也更加丰富多彩。
心理学与生活(第18版)(英文版)可作为大学本科生普通心理学课程的适用教材，也是普通大众了解心理学、更好地理解生活的首选读物。对于准备出国或者是准备在国内攻读心理学硕士学位的学生而言，心理学与生活(第18版)(英文版)将成为他们的重要参考书。
目录
PREFACE
1PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE3
WHAT MAKES PSYCHOLOGY UNIQUE？4
Definitions4
The Goals of Psychology5
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：CAN PSYCHOLOGY HELP FIND ME ACAREER？8
THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY9
Psychology’s Historical Foundations9
Current Psychological Perspectives11
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：WHY DO FRIENDSHIPS END？16
WHAT PSYCHOLOGISTS DO17
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK19
Study Strategies19
Study Techniques20
Special Features20
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS21
KEY TERMS21
2RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY25
THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH26
Observer Biases and Operational Definitions27
Experimental Methods：Alternative Explanations and the Need forControls30
Correlational Methods33
Subliminal Influence？34
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：CAN SURVEY RESEARCH AFFECT YOUR ATTITUDES？36
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT37
Achieving Reliability and Validity37
Self-Report Measures37
Behavioral Measures and Observations38
ETHICAL ISSUES IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL RESEARCH40
Informed Consent40
Risk/Gain Assessment41
Intentional Deception41
Debriefing41
Issues in Animal Research41
BECOMING A WISER RESEARCH CONSUMER42
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：HOW CAN YOU EVALUATE PSYCHOLOGICALINFORMATION ON THE WEB？43
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS44
KEY TERMS44
STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT46
UNDERSTANDING STATISTICS：ANALYZING DATA AND FORMINGCONCLUSIONS46
ANALYZING THE DATA47
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS48
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS51
BECOMING A WISE CONSUMER OF STATISTICS53
KEY TERMS53
3THE BIOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY BASES OF BEHAVIOR55
HEREDITY AND BEHAVIOR56
Evolution and Natural Selection57
Variation in the Human Genotype59
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ACTION63
The Neuron63
Action Potentials65
Synaptic Transmission67
Neurotransmitters and Their Functions68
BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR70
Eavesdropping on the Brain70
The Nervous System74
Brain Structures and Their Functions75
Hemispheric Lateralization81
The Endocrine System84
Plasticity and Neurogenesis：Our Changing Brains85
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：WHAT DOES “IT’S GENETIC”MEAN？71
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：WHY DOES MUSIC HAVE AN IMPACT ON HOW YOUFEEL？87
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS88
KEY TERMS89
4SENSATION AND PERCEPTION93
SENSING, ORGANIZING, IDENTIFYING, AND RECOGNIZING94
The Proximal and Distal Stimuli95
Reality, Ambiguity, and Illusions97
SENSORY KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD99
Psychophysics99
From Physical Events to Mental Events102
THE VISUAL SYSTEM 103
The Human Eye103
The Pupil and the Lens103
The Retina104
Processes in the Brain105
Seeing Color108
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：CAN TECHNOLOGY RESTORESIGHT？108
HEARING112
The Physics of Sound112
Psychological Dimensions of Sound112
The Physiology of Hearing113
YOUR OTHER SENSES117
Smell117
Taste117
Touch and Skin Senses118
The Vestibular and Kinesthetic Senses119
Pain120
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES IN PERCEPTION121
Attentional Processes121
Principles of Perceptual Grouping124
Spatial and Temporal Integration125
Motion Perception126
Depth Perception126
Perceptual Constancies129
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：WHY IS EATING“HOT”FOOD PAINFUL？122
IDENTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION PROCESS131
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes131
The Influence of Contexts and Expectations133
Final Lessons134
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS134
KEY TERMS135
5MIND, CONSCIOUSNESS, AND ALTERNATE STATES139
THE CONTENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS140
Awareness and Consciousness140
Studying the Contents of Consciousness142
THE FUNCTIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESS143
The Uses of Consciousness143
Studying the Functions of Consciousness144
SLEEP AND DREAMS145
Circadian Rhythms145
The Sleep Cycle146
Why Sleep148
Sleep Disorders148
Dreams：Theater of the Mind150
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：DO YOU GET ENOUGH SLEEP？150
ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS152
Lucid Dreaming153
Hypnosis153
Meditation155
Religious Ecstasy156
MIND-ALTERING DRUGS157
Dependence and Addiction157
Varieties of Psychoactive Drugs158
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：DOES ECSTASY HARM THEBRAIN？160
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS162
KEY TERMS162
6LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS165
THE STUDY OF LEARNING166
What Is Learning？166
Behaviorism and Behavior Analysis167
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING：LEARNING PREDICTABLE SIGNALS168
Pavlov’s Surprising Observation168
Processes of Conditioning170
Focus on Acquisition172
Applications of Classical Conditioning174
OPERANT CONDITIONING：LEARNING ABOUT CONSEQUENCES176
The Law of Effect176
Experimental Analysis of Behavior178
Reinforcement Contingencies179
Properties of Reinforcers182
Schedules of Reinforcement183
Shaping186
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：HOW DOES CLASSICAL CONDITIONING AFFECTCANCER TREATMENT？177
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：TO SPANK OR NOT TO SPANK184
BIOLOGY AND LEARNING187
Instinctual Drift187
Taste-Aversion Learning188
COGNITIVE INFLUENCES ON LEARNING190
Animal Cognition190
Observational Learning192
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS195
KEY TERMS195
7MEMORY199
WHAT IS MEMORY？200
Types of Memories200
An Overview of Memory Processes202
MEMORY USE FOR THE SHORT-TERM203
Iconic Memory204
Short-Term Memory205
Working Memory207
LONG-TERM MEMORY：ENCODING AND RETRIEVAL209
Retrieval Cues209
Context and Encoding210
The Processes of Encoding and Retrieval213
Why We Forget215
Improving Memory for Unstructured Information217
Metamemory218
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：HOW CAN MEMORY RESEARCH HELP YOUPREPARE FOR EXAMS？219
STRUCTURES IN LONG-TERM MEMORY220
Memory Structures220
Remembering as a Reconstructive Process224
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MEMORY227
Searching for the Engram227
Amnesia228
Brain Imaging229
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：WHY DOES ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AFFECTMEMORY？227
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS231
KEY TERMS232
8COGNITIVE PROCESSES235
STUDYING COGNITION237
Discovering the Processes of Mind237
Mental Processes and Mental Resources237
LANGUAGE USE240
Language Production240
Language Understanding243
Language and Evolution247
Language,Thought,and Culture248
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：WHY AND HOW DO PEOPLE LIE？249
VISUAL COGNITION250
Using Visual Representations250
Combining Verbal and Visual Representations252
PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING255
Problem Solving255
Deductive Reasoning257
Inductive Reasoning260
JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING262
Heuristics and Judgment262
The Psychology of Decision Making265
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：CAN POLITICAL EXPERTS PREDICT THEFUTURE?269
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS270
KEY TERMS270
9INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENT273
WHAT IS ASSESSMENT？274
History of Assessment274
Basic Features of Formal Assessment275
INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENT278
The Origins of Intelligence Testing278
IQ Tests278
Extremes of Intelligence280
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE282
Psychometric Theories of Intelligence282
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence284
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences and EmotionalIntelligence285
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：CAN YOU TRUST ASSESSMENT ON THEWEB？283
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：DO THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCEMATTER？287
THE POLITICS OF INTELLIGENCE287
The History of Group Comparisons288
Heredity and IQ289
Environments and IQ291
Culture and the Validity of IQ Tests293
CREATIVITY295
Assessing Creativity and the Link to Intelligence295
Extremes of Creativity295
ASSESSMENT AND SOCIETY297
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS299
KEY TERMS299
10HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN303
STUDYING DEVELOPMENT304
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN306
Prenatal and Childhood Development306
Physical Development in Adolescence310
Physical Changes in Adulthood311
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN312
Piaget’s Insights Into Mental Development312
Contemporary Perspectives on Early Cognitive Development314
Cognitive Development in Adulthood318
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：WILL YOUR BRAIN WORK DIFFERENTLY AS YOUAGE？320
ACQUIRING LANGUAGE321
Perceiving Speech and Perceiving Words321
Learning Word Meanings322
Acquiring Grammar323
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN324
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages325
Social Development in Childhood326
Social Development in Adolescence331
Social Development in Adulthood333
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：HOW DOES DAY CARE AFFECT CHILDREN’SDEVELOPMENT？330
SEX AND GENDER DIFFERENCES336
Sex Differences336
Gender Identity and Gender Roles337
MORAL DEVELOPMENT338
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning338
Gender and Cultural Perspectives on Moral Reasoning340
LEARNING TO AGE SUCCESSFULLY341
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS342
KEY TERMS343
11MOTIVATION347
UNDERSTANDING MOTIVATION348
Functions of Motivational Concepts348
Sources of Motivation349
A Hierarchy of Needs352
EATING353
The Physiology of Eating 354
The Psychology of Eating355
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：HOW DOES GENETICS CONTRIBUTE TOOBESITY？356
SEXUAL BEHAVIORS360
Nonhuman Sexual Behaviors360
Human Sexual Arousal and Response362
The Evolution of Sexual Behaviors363
Sexual Norms364
Homosexuality366
MOTIVATION FOR PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENT370
Need for Achievement368
Attributions for Success and Failure369
Work and Organizational Psychology371
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：HOW DOES MOTIVATION AFFECT ACADEMICACHIEVEMENT·373
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS374
KEY TERMS374
12EMOTION, STRESS, AND HEALTH377
EMOTIONS378
Basic Emotions and Culture378
Theories of Emotion381
Functions of Emotions385
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE HAPPIER THANOTHERS？388
STRESS OF LIVING389
Physiological Stress Reactions389
Psychological Stress Reactions392
Coping with Stress397
Positive Effects of Stress401
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY402
The Biopsychosocial Model of Health403
Health Promotion403
Treatment406
Personality and Health409
Job Burnout and the Health-Care System410
A Toast to Your Health411
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：CAN HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY HELP YOU BE AHEALTHY PERSON BY 2010？407
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS413
KEY TERMS413
13UNDERSTANDING HUMAN PERSONALITY417
TYPE AND TRAIT PERSONALITY THEORIES418
Categorizing by Types418
Describing with Traits419
Traits and Heritability423
Do Traits Predict Behaviors？423
Evaluation of Type and Trait Theories425
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES425
Freudian Psychoanalysis425
Evaluation of Freudian Theory429
Extending Psychodynamic Theories430
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE SHY？426
HUMANISTIC THEORIES432
Features of Humanistic Theories432
Evaluation of Humanistic Theories433
SOCIAL-LEARNING AND COGNITIVE THEORIES434
Mischel’s Cognitive-Affective Personality Theory435
Bandura’s Cognitive Social-Learning Theory436
Cantor’s Social Intelligence Theory438
Evaluation of Social-Learning and Cognitive Theories438
SELF THEORIES439
Dynamic Aspects of Self-Concepts439
Self-Esteem and Self-Presentation440
The Cultural Construction of Self441
Evaluation of Self Theories442
COMPARING PERSONALITY THEORIES443
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：WHO ARE YOU ON THEINTERNET？443
ASSESSING PERSONALITY444
Objective Tests444
Projective Tests446
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS448
KEY TERMS448
14PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS451
THE NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS452
Deciding What Is Abnormal452
The Problem of Objectivity454
Classifying Psychological Disorders454
The Etiology of Psychopathology457
ANXIETY DISORDERS459
Generalized Anxiety Disorder459
Panic Disorder459
Phobias460
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder460
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder461
Causes of Anxiety Disorders462
MOOD DISORDERS464
Major Depressive Disorder464
Bipolar Disorder465
Causes of Mood Disorders465
Gender Differences in Depression467
Suicide468
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：HOW CAN WE PINPOINT INTERACTIONS OF NATUREAND NURTURE？469
PERSONALITY DISORDERS470
Borderline Personality Disorder470
Antisocial Personality Disorder471
SOMATOFORM AND DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS472
Somatoform Disorders472
Dissociative Disorders473
SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDERS474
Major Types of Schizophrenia475
Causes of Schizophrenia476
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：IS “INSANITY” REALLY ADEFENSE？480
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD480
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder481
Autistic Disorder481
THE STIGMA OF MENTAL ILLNESS482
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS483
KEY TERMS484
15THERAPIES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS487
THE THERAPEUTIC CONTEXT488
Goals and Major Therapies488
Therapists and Therapeutic Settings489
Historical Perspectives on Institutional Treatment490
PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPIES491
Freudian Psychoanalysis491
Later Psychodynamic Therapies493
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：ARE LIVES HAUNTED BY REPRESSEDMEMORIES?494
BEHAVIOR THERAPIES494
Counterconditioning495
Contingency Management496
Social-Learning Therapy498
Generalization Techniques499
COGNITIVE THERAPIES501
Changing False Beliefs501
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy502
HUMANISTIC THERAPIES502
Client-Centered Therapy503
Gestalt Therapy503
GROUP THERAPIES504
Couple and Family Therapy504
Community Support Groups505
BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES506
Drug Therapy506
Psychosurgery508
EC and rTMS509
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：DOES THERAPY AFFECT BRAINACTIVITY?510
TREATMENT EVALUATION AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES511
Evaluating Therapeutic Effectiveness511
Prevention Strategies512
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS513
KEY TERMS514
16SOCIAL COGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS517
CONSTRUCTING SOCIAL REALITY518
The Origins of Attribution Theory519
The Fundamental Attribution Error519
Self-Serving Biases520
Expectations and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies521
Behaviors That Confirm Expectations522
ATTITUDES, ATTITUDE CHANGE, AND ACTION 524
Attitudes and Behaviors524
Processes of Persuasion525
Persuasion by Your Own Actions527
Compliance529
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：DO LATE-NIGHT TV ADS REALLYWORK？532
PREJUDICE531
Origins of Prejudice531
Effects of Stereotypes533
Reversing Prejudice534
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS536
Liking536
Loving537
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：CAN LASTING RELATIONSHIPS FORM ON THEINTERNET?540
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS541
KEY TERMS541
17SOCIAL PROCESSES, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE545
THE POWER OF THE SITUATION546
Roles and Rules546
Social Norms548
Conformity549
Decision Making in Groups552
Situational Power：Candid Camera Revelations552
ALTRUISM AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR553
The Roots of Altruism553
Motives for Prosocial Behavior555
The Effects of the Situation of Prosocial Behavior556
CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUR LIFE：HOW CAN YOU GET PEOPLE TOVOLUNTEER?558
AGGRESSION559
Evolutionary Perspectives559
Individual Differences560
Situational Influences561
Cultural Constraints563
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CONFLICT AND PEACE566
Obedience to Authority566
The Psychology of Genocide and War569
Peace Psychology572
A PERSONAL ENDNOTE574
PSYCHOLOGY IN YOUR LIFE：HOW MIGHT RECONCILIATION BEPOSSIBLE?575
RECAPPING MAIN POINTS576
KEY TERMS576
ANSWER APPENDIXA-1
GLOSSARYG-1
REFERENCESR-1
NAME INDEXN-1
SUBJECT INDEXS-1
CREDITSC-1
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